Sleep apnoea, a disruptive sleep disorder marked by intermittent breathing pauses, finds a significant ally in obesity, particularly among the elderly. Understanding the intricate relationship between these two factors sheds light on prevention and intervention strategies for improved sleep health in older individuals.
1. Weight gain and airway obstruction:
Obesity, characterised by excess body weight, especially around the neck and throat area, contributes to airway obstruction during sleep. This physical aspect becomes a key player in the development of sleep apnoea in older adults.
2. Increased fat deposits and restricted airways:
As individuals age, there's a natural tendency to gain weight, and this age-related weight gain often involves increased fat deposits. In obese older adults, these fat deposits can lead to a narrowing or constriction of the airway, making it more susceptible to collapse during sleep.
3. Impact on muscle tone:
Obesity can also influence muscle tone, further exacerbating the risk of sleep apnoea. Reduced muscle tone in the throat and airway makes it easier for these tissues to collapse, obstructing the normal flow of air during sleep.
4. Inflammatory factors:
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which can affect the airway and contribute to the development or worsening of sleep apnoea. Inflammation in the upper airway may increase the likelihood of airway collapse during sleep.
5. Hormonal changes:
Obesity can lead to hormonal changes, including alterations in levels of hormones that regulate appetite and metabolism. These hormonal shifts may indirectly contribute to the development of sleep apnoea in older individuals.
6. Vicious cycle:
The relationship between obesity and sleep apnoea can create a vicious cycle. Sleep apnoea can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and reduced physical activity, which, in turn, can contribute to further weight gain.
The relationship between obesity and sleep apnoea in the elderly is intricate and multifaceted. Addressing obesity through lifestyle changes and seeking medical intervention when necessary can significantly improve sleep quality and overall well-being for older individuals affected by sleep apnoea.
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