What is Arrhythmia? Understanding irregular heart rhythms

The dance of irregular heart rhythms:

In a healthy heart, the rhythmic beating is orchestrated by an intricate electrical system. However, in arrhythmia, this harmonious dance is disrupted, leading to irregular heartbeats. The irregularity can manifest in various forms, such as tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) or bradycardia (slow heartbeat).

Signs and symptoms:

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1. Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats may result in palpitations, a sensation of fluttering, pounding, or rapid heartbeat, often felt in the chest.

2. Dizziness or lightheadedness: Insufficient blood flow to the brain due to irregular heart rhythms can lead to dizziness or a feeling of lightheadedness.

3. Fainting (Syncope): In severe cases, arrhythmias can cause fainting spells, especially if the heart's pumping function becomes significantly compromised.

Types of Arrhythmias:

1. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Characterised by rapid, irregular atrial contractions, AFib is a common form of arrhythmia that can lead to stroke and other complications.

2. Atrial flutter: Similar to AFib but with a more organised rhythm, atrial flutter can also contribute to heart-related issues.

3. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Episodes of abnormally fast heartbeats originating above the heart's ventricles.

4. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Rapid heartbeat arising from the heart's lower chambers (ventricles), which can be life-threatening.

Diagnostic and treatment approaches:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): A key diagnostic tool, ECG records the heart's electrical activity, helping identify irregular rhythms.

2. Holter monitor: A portable device that records continuous ECG, offering a more extended monitoring period to capture intermittent arrhythmias.

3. Medications: Antiarrhythmic medications can help regulate heart rhythms, while blood thinners may be prescribed to reduce the risk of complications.

4. Cardioversion: A procedure that restores normal heart rhythm using electrical shocks or medications.

Arrhythmias may vary in severity, and while some individuals may experience occasional irregular heartbeats, others may face more persistent challenges. Recognising symptoms, seeking timely medical attention, and exploring appropriate treatment options are crucial steps in managing arrhythmias effectively. By understanding the complexities of irregular heart rhythms, individuals can work towards maintaining a heart that beats in harmony with their overall well-being.

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